"Clausewitz summed up what it had all been about
in his classic On War. Men could not reduce strategy
to a formula. Detailed planning necessarily failed, due
to the inevitable frictions encountered: chance events,
imperfections in execution, and the independent will of
the opposition. Instead, the human elements were paramount:
leadership, morale, and the almost instinctive savvy of
the best generals.
"The Prussian general staff, under the elder
von Moltke, perfected these concepts in practice. They
did not expect a plan of operations to survive beyond
the first contact with the enemy. They set only the broadest
of objectives and emphasised seizing unforeseen opportunities
as they arose. Strategy was not a lengthy action plan.
It was the evolution of a central idea through continually
changing circumstances."
Jack Welch
NEW!
Stephen Bungay, The Art of Action: How Leaders Close the Gaps Between Plans, Actions and Results (Nicholas Brealey Publishing, 2011).
We hear increasingly that "strategy" is irrelevant and that all we really need is better execution. I'm pretty sympathetic to the frustrations underlying that view, but the author of The Art of Action understands that strategy and execution are not separate domains. Stephen Bungay, who enjoys real credibility as a businessman (including 17 years with The Boston Consulting Group) and as a military historian (graduate work at Oxford and Tübingen) demonstrates a sophisticated grasp both of Clausewitz and Moltke's thinking and of how that thinking was reflected in practice by the German General Staff. Crucially, and unusually for writers who attempt to map the military domain to business, he genuinely understands that "business is not war." But it's still extremely relevant.
Christopher Bassford Clausewitz.com
CLAUSEWITZ FOR CEOs
CLAUSEWITZ ON STRATEGY: Inspiration and Insight
from a Master Strategist
Carl von Clausewitz,
edited by Tiha von Ghyczy, Bolko von Oetinger, and Christopher
Bassford From the Boston Consulting
Group's Strategy Institute Publisher: John Wiley
& Sons [See Wiley
Press Release] ISBN: 0471415138
Think about strategy and sharpen your judgment in an unpredictable
environment.
Carl von Clausewitz is widely acknowledged as one of the most
important of the major strategic theorists; he's been read by
Eisenhower, Patton, Kissinger, Chairman Mao, and many other leaders.
In Clausewitz on Strategy, the Boston Consulting Group's
Strategy Institute has excerpted the passages most relevant to
business strategy from Clausewitz's classic work On War.
That famous book is the most general, applicable, and enduring
work of strategy in the modern West: a source of insight into
the nature of conflict, whether on the battlefield or in the boardroom.
Clausewitz speaks the mind of the executive, revealing logic that
those interested in strategic thinking and practice will find
invaluable. He presents unique ideas, such as the idea that friction—the
difference between what happens in plans and what happens in reality—is
an intrinsic part of strategy. Clausewitz on Strategy offers
Clausewitz's framework for self-education, a way to train the
reader's strategic judgment.
"Writers who use war as a metaphor
for business have always been less than appealing to me.
Maybe it's because, as some folks say, "It's a 'guy'
thing," and I'm not a guy. On the other hand, I had
trouble putting down Clausewitz on Strategy (Wiley,
2001), a publication of the Boston Consulting Group's Strategy
Institute and edited by Tiha von Ghyczy, Bolko von Oetinger,
and Christopher Bassford. In their carefully chosen selections
from Clausewitz's On War and in their lengthy commentary
in the introduction, these present-day strategists present
much food for thought."
Marilyn Norris, Strategy
& Leadership, May/June 2001
THE BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP is
one of the world's leading management consulting firms. Its clients include
many of the world's industry leaders.
TIHA VON GHYCZY is a faculty member at the University of Virginia's Darden School of Business.
He is a fellow of the BCG
Strategy Institute of The Boston Consulting Group. As a former partner
of BCG, he was engaged in the practice groups for manufacturing/time-based
competition and high technology.
BOLKO VON OETINGER is a Senior Vice President of The Boston Consulting Group and Director
of the firm's Strategy Institute. He is a member of BCG's Technology and
Communications practice and has published many articles and several
books on strategy and innovation.
Clausewitz is frequently referred to within the context of
business strategy. For example, Mintzberg, Ahlstrand, and Lampel,
Strategy
Safari: A Guided Tour through the Wilds of Strategic Management
(New York: The Free Press, 1998) makes intelligent references
to Clausewitz in six separate discussions. There are many other
examples of business theorists drawing on Clausewitz, some interesting
and insightful, others nonsensical. Some other relevant links
are listed below. We don't normally comment on the validity of
any particular reference, unless we are particularly impressed
or provoked.
While many writers say quite bluntly that "business is
war," The Clausewitz Homepage takes the position that
business is NOT war—not even metaphorically speaking. It's
true that politics, business, and war belong to the same broad
class of phenomena, and that there are events within business
that correspond in significant ways to war. Indeed, wars have
actually been waged at times by commercial corporations (think
of the Hanseatic League or the East India Company) for essentially
commercial objectives. For that matter, there have always been
mercenary armies, which are essentially businesses that sell their
military capabilities. But these are very specific instances of
business and war occupying the same space at the same time. In
general, just as war is a particular manifestation or subset of
politics, business analogs to war are subsets of a larger phenomenon—thus,
business as a whole is properly compared to politics, not war.
On the other hand, we've known some business thinkers who
reject the business/war analogy altogether, claiming that business
is about the creation of value, whereas war is pure destruction.
This idea, too, is, in our view, in error. War—at least, when
it is pursued with sense and skill—is about the creation of political
value. Thus politics may involve "creative destruction"
in much the same manner as business obviously does.
A simple five and a half minute self paced presentation sharing a unique look at the principles of war derived from military theorist Clausewitz and how Clausewitz might apply those principles to the challenges of eDiscovery. Presented in a format based on reviewing nine accepted principles of war and applying them to eDiscovery.
This site has adapted some text from The Clausewitz Homepage (though we haven't found an attribution yet... :-). The "Principles of War" it cites are not Clausewitz's, however, but, rather, one version of the classic principles of war that are generally considered to derive from the work of J.F.C. Fuller.
This is a business-oriented site devoted to promoting the ideas of air-combat theorist John Boyd, inventor of the famous (and very useful) OODA Loop. Visitors will be astounded, however, to discover the following:
"You may not realize it, but many of today's most powerful business strategiesagility, the role of time and speed, and the need for mutual trusttrace directly back to this maverick Air Force fighter pilot."
The Clausewitzian countercritique of Boyd would go something like this:
The primary problem with Boyd's thinking is that he and his disciples consistently ignored the political factors in real-world strategy, on both the theoretical and practical levelsperhaps because there is not a lot of political interaction inside an F-86 cockpit. The results have been some very useful tactical, doctrinal, and technical advances; much internecine bureaucratic hostility; and a whole lot of personal and career frustration and destruction. Boyd was an interesting character and he provided some useful tools, but a Clausewitzian would be uncomfortable calling him a "strategist."
"Before I took this analogy too far I wanted to start researching the works of Carl von Clausewitz and the interpretations of his works to see if I could find a theory that would server as an interesting foundation to my views on my own profession [IT]. I did find some interesting extensions of von Clausewitz's work that explained the usefulness of information in war, and how our current technologies fir into von Clausewitz's theories and observations. But I have yet been able to find a parallel between the thoughts and practices of individuals in Corporations as the new battle field of mankind."
"If you are looking for power, this is the place to be. You have just entered the world of corporate power. On this site you will find the visions of two dozen students of the Erasmus University Rotterdam on how the theories of Carl von Clausewitz find their ways in modern society. The context in which these visions were written down is a project of the Rotterdam School of Management on power given by Dr. S. Magala. These visions are the result of the assignment to describe modern transformations of power and new power agencies on a global scale. The larger goal of the assignment was to answer the question about political, cultural and commercial mobilization: Napster, Seattle/Washington anti-IMF/WB/WTO demonstrations and European integration." (Papers are in Dutch.) Final Team Assignments VN Veiligheidsraad AOL Time Warner Milieubeweging UMTS Guerilla
"Changing the Game: Least-Cost Planning for Competition and the Environment"
By Mark E. Krebs. "The bulk of the chapter relates electric utility marketing programs (including DSM, IRP and economic development) to the nine principles of warfare originated by General von Clausewitz in the early 19th century and Sun Tsu's "The Art of War," written 25 centuries ago."
SimpelSystemsBV Our approach to the development of strategic management software is influenced by ancient theories developed by army generals like Sun Tzu and Von Clausewitz, but put into practice with the latest technology development.
William A. Levinson:Levinson tells us "Business is War" and quotes Clausewitz: "Rather than comparing [war] to art we could more accurately compare it to commerce, which is also a conflict of human interests and activities; and it is still closer to politics, which in turn may be considered as a kind of commerce on a larger scale." On War, Book I, Ch. 3." See his book, The Way of Strategy (December 1999). See also http://www.ganesha.org/wos/index.html.
The US Marine Corps' Warfighting Manual, adapted for Managers
Currency's edition of the USMC's highly Clausewitzian manual Warfighting features interviews with famous former Marines including F. Lee Bailey, Ed McMahon, and Donald Regan. They tell how they have used the Marine Corps' battle strategies of strength and straightforwardness as their secret weapons in every confrontation, whether at a corporate, departmental, or personal level.
[See military version] Buy this book from Amazon.com